When winter arrives, trees face unique challenges, from freezing temperatures to heavy snow and ice. Proper winter preparation can help ensure your trees not only survive but thrive when warmer weather returns.

Adding a layer of mulch around the base of trees helps insulate roots from extreme temperature fluctuations. Mulch also helps retain moisture in the soil, which can be beneficial in dry winter conditions. A two to three-inch layer of mulch is typically recommended. However, be careful not to pile mulch against the trunk, as this can lead to rot and pest issues.

• Insulates tree roots
• Helps retain soil moisture
• Protects from soil compaction

Young and newly planted trees are especially vulnerable to Pennsylvania’s winter weather. Frost cracks can occur when temperatures fluctuate rapidly, causing bark to split. To protect young trees, wrap the trunks with tree guards or burlap to minimize damage. Tree wraps also deter rodents and deer, which often feed on young bark during winter.

• Protects against frost cracks
• Prevents animal damage
• Shields young bark from sunscald

Even though trees are dormant in winter, they still need adequate moisture in their root systems. Water trees thoroughly in the fall, especially during dry conditions, to help them endure the winter. Deep watering encourages strong root development and helps trees retain moisture during cold months when they can’t absorb as much from frozen ground.

• Water early in the day to prevent overnight freezing
• Use a soaker hose for deep, even saturation
• Focus on newly planted or young trees

While winter may reduce pest populations, some insects, like emerald ash borer and scale insects, can still cause damage during colder months. Inspect trees for signs of pest infestation or disease before winter, as untreated issues can weaken trees and make them more vulnerable. Tree health assessments by certified arborists can be particularly useful for spotting early signs of trouble.

• Emerald ash borer
• Scale insects
• Aphids

Snow and ice buildup can put a tremendous strain on tree branches. Large limbs may break under the weight, causing damage to the tree and posing safety risks. It’s helpful to clear snow from tree branches after heavy storms, but avoid using salt or other de-icing chemicals, as these can harm trees. Instead, gently brush off snow with a broom to avoid damaging branches.

• Avoid shaking branches to remove snow, as this can cause breakage
• Brush off excess snow gently
• Use caution when working around icy branches

Evergreen trees, such as pine and spruce, are particularly susceptible to winter desiccation, or moisture loss. Applying an anti-desiccant spray in late fall can help reduce moisture loss from foliage. This treatment creates a protective layer on evergreen needles, preventing excess water from escaping and helping the tree stay hydrated during winter.

• Reduces winter desiccation
• Protects evergreen needles from drying out
• Supports tree health in cold weather

Clearing out dead or dying branches before winter hits is essential for tree health and safety. Weak branches are more likely to snap under snow or ice weight, which can damage the tree and create hazards. A qualified arborist can assist in safely removing problem branches, ensuring that trees are structurally sound for winter.

• Reduces winter breakage risks
• Helps prevent disease spread
• Improves tree aesthetics and structure

In Pennsylvania, road salt is commonly used for de-icing, which can harm trees when it seeps into the soil. To prevent salt damage, consider using salt-tolerant plants or barriers around trees near roadways or sidewalks. Rinsing off salt after winter can also help minimize long-term soil damage.

• Use burlap or fencing as a barrier
• Rinse salt off in spring
• Apply gypsum to neutralize soil if needed

A professional winter tree inspection is one of the best ways to ensure your trees are prepared for cold season. An arborist can assess tree health, recommend treatments, and identify any potential hazards that may need to be addressed before heavy snowfall.

• Early detection of pests and diseases
• Assessment of structural integrity
• Personalized winter care recommendations